What is technical debt?
Technical debt is the extra work a software team takes on when it chooses a quick solution now over a cleaner one, which makes later changes slower and riskier. Like a loan, technical debt is acceptable when you plan to repay it.
Also called: tech debt
Why it matters
Technical debt shows up as features that take weeks instead of days, bugs that come back and developers afraid to touch parts of the system. Some is deliberate and sensible, for example in an MVP. The problem is the debt nobody tracks, because you pay its interest on every future change.
1Typical causesRushed deadlines, missing tests, outdated libraries, copy-pasted code and no documentation.
2In agile teamsScrum teams log debt in the backlog and spend part of each sprint paying it down.
3Signs to watchEstimates keep growing, the same bugs return and only one person dares to change a module.
ExampleA real estate agency in Astana launched its listings site quickly, with values hard-coded in places and no automated tests. A couple of years on, adding a rentals section takes months. A developer first writes tests and cleans up the listings code, then the new section goes in without breaking the old one.
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